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为实现煤气化渣的高值化利用，以煤气化渣为硅源，通过“助剂活化-选择性提硅-溶胶凝胶调控-涂料功能化”的技术路线，制备高性能二氧化硅气凝胶及其复合隔热涂料。系统研究碱浸工艺对硅元素提取效率的影响，以及老化条件、水洗方式和改性剂添加量对气凝胶结构性能的调控规律。结果表明：在碱浓度2 mol/L、温度90℃、时间6 h的最佳浸出条件下，硅浸出率达83.13%;在老化温度50℃、时间24 h、离心水洗、改性剂TMCS(三甲基氯硅烷)质量分数30%的最佳工艺下，成功制得比表面积为496.38 m2/g、接触角为150.97°的超疏水气凝胶。将该气凝胶粉体作为功能性填料与硅藻泥复合，当气凝胶添加量为40%时，所得复合涂料兼具良好的疏水性(接触角77.1°)与优异的隔热性能[导热系数0.087 W/(m·K)],红外热成像证实其隔热效果显著。研究为煤气化渣的资源化、功能化和高值化利用提供可行的技术路径和理论依据。
Abstract：To achieve high-value utilization of coal gasification slag,high-performance silica aerogel and its composite thermal insulation coating were prepared using coal gasification slag as a silicon source through the technical route of “additive activation-selective silicon extraction-sol-gel regulation-coating functionalization”.The influence of alkali leaching process on silicon extraction efficiency was systematically investigated,along with the regulation patterns of aging conditions,washing methods,and modifier addition amount on the structural properties of the aerogel.The results indicate that under optimal leaching conditions(alkali concentration of 2 mol/L,temperature of 90 ℃,and duration of 6 h) silicon extraction reaches 83.13%.Under optimal aging conditions(50 ℃,24 h) with centrifugal washing and a 30% mass fraction of the modifier TMCS(trimethylchlorosilane),a superhydrophobic aerogel with a specific surface area of 496.38 m2/g and a contact angle of 150.97° is successfully synthesized.When this aerogel powder is used as a functional filler in diatomaceous earth composites,the resulting composite coating exhibited both excellent hydrophobicity(contact angle 77.1°) and outstanding thermal insulation properties [thermal conductivity 0.087 W/(m·K)] at a 40% loading.Infrared thermal imaging confirms its significant insulation effect.This study provides a feasible technical pathway and theoretical basis for the resource utilization,functionalization,and high-value application of coal gasification slag.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TQ630.7;TQ427.26
引用信息:
[1]李海东,陈祚豪,张舒怡,等.煤气化渣制备二氧化硅气凝胶及复合涂料性能[J].化学工程,2026,54(09):12-18.
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